What has been the impact of the 1971 book, Amazonia? this book had good impact because it claims the Amazonian forest to be a complete lie, due to the fierce competition between the plants and how the environment leeches off itself for the sole purpose of survival. It's a controversial topic because it proves the once-thought natural landscapes were completely artificial, due to being altered to fit the needs of people. What is a 'cultivated landscape?' Why is this concept controversial? it is a landscape that has been altered to cater to the individual of group needs of different peoples.

How did Indians 'exploit' their environment? they exploited their environment by reshaping entire landscapes to suit their needs, and even performing controlled forest fires to retool ecosystems. Why would seven anthropologists, archeologists, and historians interviewed by Mann have preferred to be a typical Indian in 1491 rather than a typical European they preferred this because the Natives had seen the Europeans as weak, ugly, pathetic, and disgusting. What is the 'Columbian exchange?' the transferring of crops, livestock, diseases, and other inventions from the old world to the new world and vice-versa. his interpretation of human history is that it's marked by 2 world world centers of invention central mexico and the middle east. Who is Alfred Crosby? What is his interpretation of human history? he's a historian at UT.

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